- A 'Vase' or 'Pot-de-fer'
The "garot", or heavy dart, to be fired from this early gun was provided with a wooden plug made to fit the bore. The type of "garot" shown on the right was intended to be fired from a large cross-bow on a stand. - 2 cm Flakvierling 38
2 cm Flakvierling 38 ready for transport on special trailer - German 105-mm Gun-Howitzer
- A Krupp motor gun-carrying lorry
- A ‘Schneider’ armoured car with quick-firing gun
- An Italian design for a motor battery of quick-firing guns
- A ‘Charron’ armoured car with machine gun
- A Matchlock and a Firelock, or Fusil (17th Century)
The constantly smouldering match of the former rendered it a very dangerous weapon in the neighbourhood of cannon; the "snaphaunce", or "fusil", was fitted with a "fire-lock", in which a spark was struck from a flint. - Different forms of crossbow bolts
I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, military bolts ; 6, bolt with tow soaked in oil for firing ships and houses ; 7, bolt for a slur bow ; 8, bolt for killing deer ; 9, 10, bolts for killing large birds ; 11, 12, bolts for killing game birds. The latter had not metal heads, and were blunt, so as not to damage the game. - Sopwith Military Biplane
A machine that has achieved success, owing to its power of varying speed, is the Sopwith military biplane. Adopting a practice that has become general, its wings are fitted upon what is practically a monoplane body. Tail-planes and rudder are the same as in a monoplane. The top main-plane, as will be seen, is set slightly in advance of the lower. The system is called “staggering”; and the idea is that, by placing the upper plane ahead of the lower, the total lifting power will be increased. It has been proved a disadvantage of the biplane that, when the main-planes are placed one above another, there is a slight loss of lift owing to the fact that, acting upon the air as they do quite close to each other, a certain amount of interference occurs between them—one tending to disturb the air-stream in which the other moves. By “staggering” the two planes this interference is overcome; but some makers regard it as a small consideration, and build their planes in the ordinary way, allowing as large a gap as possible between them. In the Sopwith military machine, engine and propeller are in front of the main-planes; then come the places for pilot and observer. The pilot sits first, and the body of the machine is so high that only his head appears above it, while just in front of his face, to deflect the wind-rush from the propeller, there is a raised section of the hull which acts as a screen. Behind the pilot, sitting in a second opening in the hull, is the observer. He has a view forward, rendered the better by setting back the lower-plane; while at the point at which it joins the body of the machine, immediately below him, this plane is hollowed out, so that he can look directly upon the earth below. Small windows are also fitted upon either side of the hull. Through those in front the pilot may glance when descending from a flight, so as to judge his distance from the ground, while the others are utilised by the observer, as he turns to look from side to side. This biplane, and many others, is balanced against sideway roll by ailerons, and not by warping the wings. Constant warping, such as is necessary in the everyday use of machines, has been declared to strain a plane and render it weak; therefore the use of ailerons is now favoured. A. Propeller B. Motor, partly hidden by shield C.C. Main-planes D. Pilot’s seat E. Observer’s seat F. Outlook windows in side of hull G. Rudder H. Elevating-plane I. Landing gear. - Mounting Tripod ·303 Inch, Maxim Gun Mark
A Crosshead B Elevating gear C Socket D Arm, crosshead F Screw, clamp checking traverse G Tumbler, elevating gear H Bolt, jamming elevating gear J Front legs K Rear leg M Shoes N Socket lugs S Stud, joints, a jamming handle, front legs T Joint pin, a jamming handle rear leg V Handwheel elevating gear - Hunters with crossbows
- Gun Maxim, ·303 Inch - Side elevation
1. End of crank. 2. Projecting arm of crank handle. 3. Crank handle. 4. Breech casing. 5. Fusee spring 6. Chain 7. Fusee. 8. Spring box 9. Resistance piece. 10. Buffer spring. 11. Check lever. 12. Lock casing. 13. Firing lever. 14. Trigger bar. 15. Projection on trigger bar. 16. Trigger. 17. Tumbler. 18. Lockspring. 19. Firing pin. 20. Crank. 21. Crank pin. 22. Connecting rod. 22A Cotter. 23. Side levers. 24. Sear. 25. Extractor. 26. Barrel. 27. Ejector tube. 28. Horns of extractor. 29. Keeper bracket. 30. Side cams. 31. Cover spring. 32. Cover. 33. Gib. 34. Adjusting screw for fusee spring. 35. Extractor spring. 36. Handles. 37. Double button. 38. Trigger bar spring. 39. Gib spring. 41. Extractor levers. 42. Belt. 43. Upper extractor stop. 44. Groove for side plate spring. 45. Cartridge grooves. 46. Ejector tube spring. 47. Side plates. 48. Guides in which flanges of lock move. 49. Guide ribs for extractor. 50. Cover lock. 51. Gunmetal block. 52. Hole for firing pin. 53. Safety catch. 54. Screwed head. 55. Connecting rod spring. 56. Crank bearings. 57. Slots, breech casing. 58. Crank stops. 59. Ammunition belt box, No. 2. 60. Feed block. 61. Top lever feed block. 62. Cork plug. 63. Feed block slide. 64. Top pawl. 65. Bottom pawl. 66. Band roller. 67. Barrel casing. 68. Screwed plug for filling. 69. Asbestos packing. 70. Packing gland. 71. Cannelure for asbestos packing. 72. Gunmetal valve. 73. Steam tube. 74. } Holes in steam tube. 75. } 76. Slide valve. 77. Steam escape hole. 78. Milled heads of oil brushes. 79. Oil brush. 80. Sight, tangent. 81. Sight, fore. 82. Shutter. 83. Shutter spring. 84. Shutter catch. 85. Notch for shutter catch. 86. Screwed plug for emptying. 87. Slides, right and left. 88. Gib spring cover. 89. Check lever collar. 90. Cover lock spring. 91. Safety catch spring. 92. Tangent sight spring. 93. Bottom lever feed block. 94. Trunnions of barrel. 95. Extractor stop. 96. Firing lever spring. 97. Shutter pivot screw. - German 105-mm Gun - Howitzer
German 105-mm Gun - Howitzer - 45 mm light mortar
- Japanese 25-mm pom-pom gun
- Chinese Floating Mines used againsts HMS Encounter
A, Can buoy containing powder. B, Box containing lighted match and punk below. C, Lid or slide between match and punk. D, String for pulling out slide, to allow match to ignite punk. - 65-17 Infantry gun
- Japanese 75-mm Anti-Aitcraft gun
- Thrust
Thrust the rifle quickly forward to the full length of the left arm, turning the barrel to the left, and direct the point of the bayonet at the point to be attacked, butt covering the right fore-arm. At the same time straighten the right leg vigorously and throw the weight of the body forward and on the left leg, the ball of the right foot always on the ground. Guard is resumed immediately without command. - Gun Maxim, ·303 Inch - plan, with cover removed
1. End of crank. 2. Projecting arm of crank handle. 3. Crank handle. 4. Breech casing. 5. Fusee spring 6. Chain 7. Fusee. 8. Spring box 9. Resistance piece. 10. Buffer spring. 11. Check lever. 12. Lock casing. 13. Firing lever. 14. Trigger bar. 15. Projection on trigger bar. 16. Trigger. 17. Tumbler. 18. Lockspring. 19. Firing pin. 20. Crank. 21. Crank pin. 22. Connecting rod. 22A Cotter. 23. Side levers. 24. Sear. 25. Extractor. 26. Barrel. 27. Ejector tube. 28. Horns of extractor. 29. Keeper bracket. 30. Side cams. 31. Cover spring. 32. Cover. 33. Gib. 34. Adjusting screw for fusee spring. 35. Extractor spring. 36. Handles. 37. Double button. 38. Trigger bar spring. 39. Gib spring. 41. Extractor levers. 42. Belt. 43. Upper extractor stop. 44. Groove for side plate spring. 45. Cartridge grooves. 46. Ejector tube spring. 47. Side plates. 48. Guides in which flanges of lock move. 49. Guide ribs for extractor. 50. Cover lock. 51. Gunmetal block. 52. Hole for firing pin. 53. Safety catch. 54. Screwed head. 55. Connecting rod spring. 56. Crank bearings. 57. Slots, breech casing. 58. Crank stops. 59. Ammunition belt box, No. 2. 60. Feed block. 61. Top lever feed block. 62. Cork plug. 63. Feed block slide. 64. Top pawl. 65. Bottom pawl. 66. Band roller. 67. Barrel casing. 68. Screwed plug for filling. 69. Asbestos packing. 70. Packing gland. 71. Cannelure for asbestos packing. 72. Gunmetal valve. 73. Steam tube. 74. } Holes in steam tube. 75. } 76. Slide valve. 77. Steam escape hole. 78. Milled heads of oil brushes. 79. Oil brush. 80. Sight, tangent. 81. Sight, fore. 82. Shutter. 83. Shutter spring. 84. Shutter catch. 85. Notch for shutter catch. 86. Screwed plug for emptying. 87. Slides, right and left. 88. Gib spring cover. 89. Check lever collar. 90. Cover lock spring. 91. Safety catch spring. 92. Tangent sight spring. 93. Bottom lever feed block. 94. Trunnions of barrel. 95. Extractor stop. 96. Firing lever spring. 97. Shutter pivot screw. - Guard
At the second command take the position of guard; at the same time throw the rifle smartly to the front, grasp the rifle with the left hand just below the lower band, fingers between the stock and gun sling, barrel turned slightly to the left, the right hand grasping the small of the stock about 6 inches in front of the right hip, elbows free from the body, bayonet point at the height of the chin. - Lunge
Executed in the same manner as the thrust, except that the left foot is carried forward about twice its length. The left heel must always be in rear of the left knee. Guard is resumed immediately without command. Guard may also be resumed by advancing the right foot if for any reason it is desired to hold the ground gained in lunging - A Light Egyptian Chariot
The light chariots of the Egyptians enabled them to secure the fullest advantage from the speed and breeding of their horses, which at the time were considered to be the finest in the world. The Egyptian chariots were sometimes square, but more often they were semi-circular or horse-shoe shape, with the curved front towards the horses. - Indian and Mound-builder Spear-heads
- Anelaces
Anelace (Also in French, alenas, alinlaz, analasse, anlace.) A broad knife or dagger worn at the girdle. It was a well known weapon in he thirteenth century. - Bomb-releasing mechanism
A. Lower part of aeroplane’s hull B. Revolving barrel to which bombs are clipped C. Bombs D. Releasing mechanism operated by marksman in machine. Bombs may be carried and dropped when opportunity offers; and as an improvement upon the early method, which was simply to throw these from the machine, there are releasing mechanisms now devised which carry a number of projectiles and drop them one by one as a lever is moved. The bombs, which are long, pointed, and balanced so that they will fall head first, are clipped round a barrel rather like that of a revolver, which is fixed beneath the aeroplane’s hull just below the occupants’ seat. Mechanism causes the carrying chamber to revolve and bring each bomb against a releasing catch, which—at a movement of the marksman’s lever—throws it outwards and downward. - The 1.65-Inch Hotchkiss Mountain-Gun Mechanism
The Mechanism.—(b) breech-block; loading-hole; (s) stop-bolt; spring washer; (r) stop-bolt guide; (e) extractor; (h) extractor-hook; (a k) extractor-guide; (c) locking-screw; locking-screw shaft; locking-screw pin; (l) handle; stop; stop keep-screw. Action of the mechanism The gun having been fired, the handle is turned to the rear, unlocking the block and starting it in the mortise. Drawing the handle smartly to the right, the breech is opened, the extractor, actuated by the movement of the block, commences to move very slowly back with a powerful leverage, starting the cartridge-case from its seat. When the breech-block has moved sufficiently to unmask the bore, the change of direction in the extractor-guide causes the extractor to make a quick movement to the rear, throwing the cartridge clear of the gun. A new charge being inserted, it is pushed home until the head of the cartridge brings up against the extractor. The breech is now closed by pushing it smartly to the left, and is locked by turning the handle to the front. A primer may now be inserted in the vent, and the gun is ready for firing. - An aeroplpane in war
An aeroplpane in war - Phrygian helmets, bow, bipennis, quiver, tunic, axe and javelin
- Swing
Tighten the grasp of the hands and swing the rifle to the front and downward, directing it at the head of the opponent, and immediately return to the position of club rifle by completing the swing of the rifle downward and to the rear. - Archer and Crossbowman of about 1370
The kneeling figure is fitting his belt-claw to the string of his crossbow, preparatory to bending its bow. From Manuscript No. 2813 in the National Library, Paris, reproduced by J. Quicherat in his ' History of Costume in France,' 1875. - Low Parry
Carry the point of the bayonet down until it is at the height of the knee, moving the point of the bayonet sufficiently to the right (left) to keep the opponent's attacks clear of the point threatened. - The Situation of the Cavalry man on the near side
- Manner of holding the Sling
In other instances we see it depicted with both the ends held in the hand, the figure being placed in the action of taking his aim, and a bird is generally the object of his exertion, as in the following engraving from a parchment roll in the Royal Library, containing a genealogical account of the kings of England, to the time of Henry III. - Sea-plane to carry a crew of seven
A coastal sea-plane, as now planned, is a craft having, say, two engines, each devolving 120 h.p., with a wing span of some 80 feet, and an accommodation in its hull for three men—the pilot, a combatant with a machine-gun, and an observer with an installation of wireless. But types are changing constantly, and the tendency is to build larger craft. A machine weighing a couple of tons is shown, and a novelty in regard to it is that it has wheels upon either side of its boat-shaped car, upon which it can move on land, and which fold upward when it rests upon the water. A. Hull upon which the machine floats when in the sea B.B.B. Wheels upon which it may move when on land, and which fold upward when it is on the water C. Pilot’s controlling wheel D.D. Main sustaining planes E. Four-bladed propeller driven by chain-gearing from engine within the hull. - The Vickers
Already, anticipating war in the air, a fighting aeroplane has been evolved; and a machine of this type is shown in Figure. The body, in which pilot and gunner sit, is armoured lightly with plates which will resist the penetration of a bullet. Such armouring was found necessary after the use of aeroplanes in Tripoli and the Balkans. When flying unavoidably low in these campaigns, and when fired at from the ground, the wooden bodies of machines were pierced by shot, and in several instances their occupants wounded. A fighting aeroplane A. Machine-gun projecting from opening in bow B. Gunner’s position C. Pilot’s seat D.D. Side windows for observation E. Engine and propeller. - Hunters with crossbows
- The Head guarded against any cut
- General Arrangement of Mark V. Tank—Sectional Plan
- The Cut and Thrust in Quarte
- Service Revolver and Pistols
- The Cut of the Cavalry
- Quarte
- The 1.65-Inch Hotchkiss Mountain-Gun Carriage
The carriage-body consists of two steel brackets forming cheeks and trail. They are reinforced by angle-steel and connected by transoms. The axle is secured in beds riveted to the brackets, and is arranged to be readily dismounted when required. The elevating-gear consists of a simple screw working in a stout steel transom, and supports the breech of the gun; the preponderance is sufficient to insure stability. The sponge and rod are secured to the right side of the trail by suitable attachments. A pole is provided for draught when easy country is encountered, and provision is made for attaching it to the lunette. - Russian Mine laid in the Baltic in the Crimean War
- Near Side protect and Giving Point
- On guard
- General Arrangement of Mark V. Tank—Sectional Elevation
- Bullet Mold
Bullet Mold - Submarine Mine laid by the Russians in the Crimean War
Submarine Mine laid by the Russians in the Crimean War Made of staves about 3 in. thick, and containing an inner case filled with flue gunpowder. - Left Handed use
The men may be permitted to wield the rifle left handed, that is on the left side of the body, left hand at the small of the stock. Many men will be able to use this method to advantage. It is also of value in case the left band is wounded. - 48
- 33
- The 1.65-Inch Hotchkiss Mountain-Gun
Material steel Total length 3.83 feet Length of bore 3.43 feet Travel of projectile 3.10 feet Calibre 1.65 inches Weight 121 pounds Grooves 10 Twist of rifling, uniform 1 in 29.83 cals. Muzzle-velocity 1298 ft.-sec. Maximum range 3500 yards - 50
- General Arrangements of Mark V. Tank—Front View
- The Bayonet Exercise
- Catapult
The catapult was the howitzer, or mortar, of its day and could throw a hundred-pound stone 600 yards in a high arc to strike the enemy behind his wall or batter down his defenses. "In the middle of the ropes a wooden arm rises like a chariot pole," wrote the historian Marcellinus. "At the top of the arm hangs a sling. When battle is commenced, a round stone is set in the sling. Four soldiers on each side of the engine wind the arm down until it is almost level with the ground. When the arm is set free, it springs up and hurls the stone forth from its sling." In early times the weapon was called a "scorpion," for like this dreaded insect it bore its "sting" erect. - Crossbowmen
The soldiers carry windlass crossbows. One man is winding up his weapon ; the other is shooting, with his windlass laid on the ground at his feet.