- Illustrating Galen’s physiological teaching
The basic principle of life, in the Galenic physiology, is a spirit, anima or pneuma, drawn from the general world-soul in the act of respiration. It enters the body through the rough artery (τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία, arteria aspera of mediaeval notation), the organ known to our nomenclature as the trachea. From this trachea the pneuma passes to the lung and then, through the vein-like artery (ἀρτηρία φλεβώδης, arteria venalis of mediaeval writers, the pulmonary vein of our nomenclature), to the left ventricle. Here it will be best to leave it for a moment and trace the vascular system along a different route. - Reducing Dislocated Jaw
Reducing Dislocated Jaw - A Greek Clinic of 400 BC
A Greek Clinic of 400 BC In the centre sits a physician holding a lancet and bleeding a patient from the median vein at the bend of the right elbow into a large open basin. Above and behind the physician are suspended three cupping vessels. To the right sits another patient awaiting his turn; his left arm is bandaged in the region of the biceps. The figure beyond him smells a flower, perhaps as a preservative against infection. Behind the physician stands a man leaning on a staff; he is wounded in the left leg, which is bandaged. By his side stands a dwarfish figure with disproportionately large head, whose body exhibits deformities typical of the developmental disease now known as Achondroplasia; in addition to these deformities we note that his body is hairy and the bridge of his nose sunken; on his back he carries a hare which is almost as tall as himself. Talking to the dwarf is a man leaning on a long staff, who has the remains of a bandage round his chest. - Reducing Dislocated Shoulder
Reducing Dislocated Shoulder - Achilles bandaging Patroclus,
A kylix from the Berlin Museum of about 490 b. c. It bears the inscription ΣΟΣΙΑΣ ΕΠΟΙΗΣΕΝ, Sosias made (me), and represents Achilles bandaging Patroclus, the names of the two heroes being written round the margin. The painter is Euphronios, and the work is regarded as the masterpiece of that great artist. The left upper arm of Patroclus is injured, and Achilles is bandaging it with a two-rolled bandage, which he is trying to bring down to extend over the elbow. The treatment of the hands, a department in which Euphronios excelled, is particularly fine. Achilles was not a trained surgeon, and it will be observed, from the position of the two tails of the bandage, that he will have some difficulty when it comes to its final fastening! - Billy the Kid
Billy the Kid - Plan of the foetal circulation
- Vertical section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura mater
Vertical section of the skull - Passage into trachea and esophagus; Pharynx
- Superficial veins of the head and neck
- The Skull
- Front view of the thorax
- The Spine
- The root of the left lung
- Skeleton
- The right auricle and ventricle laid open
- A cross section of the skin
- Lymphatics of the head and neck. B, the thoracic duct
- The cartilages of the larynx; the trachea and bronchi
- Lymphatics of the leg.
- The regions of the abdomen and their contents
- The arch of the aorta and its branches
- The Anatomy of the Eye
From Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica, Basel, 1543, p. 643. a, Crystalline humour; o, Albugineous humour; c, Vitreous humour; n, Cornea; q, Conjunctiva; m, Sclerotica; g, Secundina; h, Uvea; k, Arachnoidea; e, Retina. - The Microcosm
The idea of a close parallelism between the structure of man and of the wider universe was gradually abandoned by the scientific, while among the unscientific it degenerated and became little better than an insane obsession. As such it appears in the ingenious ravings of the English follower of Paracelsus, the Rosicrucian, Robert Fludd, who reproduced, often with fidelity, the systems which had some novelty five centuries before his time. - Venice, 1496, showing the ventricles of the brain
Venice, 1496, showing the ventricles of the brain - An anatomical diagram of about 1298
An anatomical diagram of about 1298 - Diagram of the senses, the humours, the cerebral ventricles, and the intellectual facultie
Diagram of the senses, the humours, the cerebral ventricles, and the intellectual facultie - Roger Bacons diagram of the Eye
Roger Bacons diagram of the Eye - The Anatomy of the Eye
The Anatomy of the Eye - Diagram of the ventricles and the senses
Diagram of the ventricles and the senses with their relation to the intellectual processes according to the doctrine of the Renaissance anatomists. - The first printed picture of dissection
The first printed picture of dissection - The layers of the head
The layers of the head - Illustrating the general ideas on anatomy current at the Renaissance
Illustrating the general ideas on anatomy current at the Renaissance - The figure shows a professor and pupil. The former is demonstrating the bones of a skeleton.
The figure shows a professor and pupil. The former is demonstrating the bones of a skeleton. - The first picture of dissection in an English-printed book
The first picture of dissection in an English-printed book - The figure shows the ten layers of the head
The figure shows the ten layers of the head - Leonardo Da Vincis diagram of the heart
Leonardo Da Vincis diagram of the heart - a lecture on anatomy
a lecture on anatomy - Title-page of Mellerstadt’s edition of the Anatomy of Mondino, Leipzig, 1493. The scene is laid in the open air
Title-page of Mellerstadt’s edition of the Anatomy of Mondino, Leipzig, 1493. The scene is laid in the open air - A dissection scene
A dissection scene - Lioness and young, from an Ionian vase of the sixth century B. C
Lioness and young from an Ionian vase of the sixth century b. c. found at Caere in Southern Etruria (Louvre, Salle E, No. 298), from Le Dessin des Animaux en Grèce d’après les vases peints, by J. Morin, Paris (Renouard), 1911. The animal is drawing itself up to attack its hunters. The scanty mane, the form of the paws, the udders, and the dentition are all heavily though accurately represented. - Alehouse
- Anglo-Saxons Feasting and Health-Drinking
- Cakes and Ale.
- Hildegard receiving the light from Heaven
Hildegard receiving the Light from Heaven (Wiesbaden Codex B, fo. 1 r) - A Steam Street Railway Motor
While in Paris, President Yerkes, of the North Chicago Street Railway Company, purchased a noiseless steam motor, the results in experimenting with which will be watched with great interest. The accompanying engraving, for which we are indebted to the Street Railway Review, gives a very accurate idea of the general external appearance. The car is all steel throughout, except windows, doors, and ceiling. It is 12 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, and 9 ft. high, and weighs about seven tons. The engines, which have 25 horsepower and are of the double cylinder pattern, are below the floor and connected directly to the wheels. The wheels are four in number and 31 in. in diameter. The internal appearance and general arrangement of machinery, etc., is about that of the ordinary steam dummy. It will run in either direction, and the exhaust steam is run through a series of mufflers which suppress the sound, condense the steam and return the water to the boiler, which occupies the center of the car. The motor was built in Ghent, Belgium, and cost about $5,000, custom house duties amounting to about $2,000 more. - A Texas Cowboy
A Texas Cowboy - The First printed map of England
The First printed map of England - Man at Alehouse
- Health-Drinking
- Cornelius Caton
- Jerboa
Jerboa - An Ale-stake
- Ancient Alehouse
- Filing the letters after enameling
This is done by girls, who, with very fine files, rub off the edges and any protuberances which may be there. Every letter is subject to this operation, and all are turned out smooth and well finished. - An Ale-house lattice
- Drunkards Cloak
- Is it in Condition
- Paintings of fish on plates
Crenilabrus mediterraneus. Uranoscopus scaber? In Attica, too, was early developed a characteristic and closely accurate type of representation of marine forms, and this attained a wider vogue in Southern Italy in the fourth century. From the latter period a number of dishes and vases have come down to us bearing a large variety of fish forms, portrayed with an exactness that is interesting in view of the attention to marine creatures in the surviving literature of Aristotelian origin - Painting of fish on plates
Sargus vulgaris In Attica, was early developed a characteristic and closely accurate type of representation of marine forms, and this attained a wider vogue in Southern Italy in the fourth century. From the latter period a number of dishes and vases have come down to us bearing a large variety of fish forms, portrayed with an exactness that is interesting in view of the attention to marine creatures in the surviving literature of Aristotelian origin